COSCO container ship
COSCO container ship arriving in port. Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)

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The crane lowers the container. The forklift moves it to the warehouse. And the whole time, the ship it came off of has been sucking up U.S. military signals from the harbor — and beaming them back to Beijing. For thirty years. In American ports.

COSCO has been conducting the secret signals intelligence collection for Beijing for decades, the two senior officials confirmed. This intelligence collection is designed to support the military communications technologies and encryption developments of countries such as the United States, Europe and others in Asia, the two officials said. Once this intelligence is collected by COSCO it is used by the Chinese government to support its position in territorial disputes, for maritime reconnaissance and to provide early warning of possible military action by foreign forces, the two officials explained.

According to the officials, COSCO is using sophisticated signals intelligence collection equipment to track the communications of other ships and aircraft on the high seas, often to monitor crucial trade routes as well as routes used by military vessels.

COSCO, the world's fourth-largest ocean carrier, did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the allegations published by Reuters. China's embassy in Washington, however, called the reports "baseless" in a statement published late on Tuesday. "We oppose vilifying China by peddling the so-called 'intelligence collection' narrative, which is totally baseless," said Liu Chang, a spokesman for the embassy. He said that China would never ask a company or individual to "collect or provide data, information or intelligence located abroad against local laws."

These revelations are highly significant to the upcoming meeting between U.S. President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping at a Washington summit set to take place later this month. Trade is expected to be high on the agenda as well as other security matters.

A January 2025 listing by the Pentagon of COSCO as one of several companies to be considered to be controlled by the People's Liberation Army could have significant commercial and reputational consequences for COSCO. However, the listing is not a formal sanction and has not yet been implemented into law. In April 2025 a report by the U.S. Naval War College examined the use of intelligence collection by China's fishing fleets as well as by its commercial shipping fleet.

COSCO Shipping Company is the world's biggest ocean carrier, operating hundreds of ships across the globe, visiting major U.S. ports as well as the ports of Europe and other strategic locations around the world including the Strait of Hormuz, South China Sea and around Taiwan.

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